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Econometric modeling is used to analyze complex market trends (the demand function) to determine the variables driving the growth or shrinkage of demand for a product or service. Econometric models are used to decipher the economic forces that affect supply. For Econometric Model-Building. The Simultaneous Equations Modeling System (S E M S™) software provides the user with the capability of modeling in accordance with the Two-Stage and Three-Stage Least Squares methods (see Theory ).
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Statistical software are specialized computer programs for analysis in statistics and econometrics.
- 4Proprietary
Open-source[edit]
gretl is an example of an open-source statistical package
- ADaMSoft – a generalized statistical software with data mining algorithms and methods for data management
- ADMB – a software suite for non-linear statistical modeling based on C++ which uses automatic differentiation
- Chronux – for neurobiological time series data
- DAP – free replacement for SAS
- Environment for DeveLoping KDD-Applications Supported by Index-Structures (ELKI) a software framework for developing data mining algorithms in Java
- Fityk – nonlinear regression software (GUI and command line)
- GNU Octave – programming language very similar to MATLAB with statistical features
- gretl – gnu regression, econometrics and time-series library
- intrinsic Noise Analyzer (iNA) – For analyzing intrinsic fluctuations in biochemical systems
- JASP – A free software alternative to IBM SPSS Statistics with additional option for Bayesian methods
- Just another Gibbs sampler (JAGS) – a program for analyzing Bayesian hierarchical models using Markov chain Monte Carlo developed by Martyn Plummer. It is similar to WinBUGS
- JMulTi – For econometric analysis, specialised in univariate and multivariate time series analysis
- KNIME - An open source analytics platform built with Java and Eclipse using modular data pipeline workflows
- LIBSVM – C++ support vector machine libraries
- mlpack – open-source library for machine learning, exploits C++ language features to provide maximum performance and flexibility while providing a simple and consistent application programming interface (API)
- Mondrian – data analysis tool using interactive statistical graphics with a link to R
- Neurophysiological Biomarker Toolbox – Matlab toolbox for. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 54: 4–9. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezy169. PMC6005113.
- ^Wolfram Language Guide: Statistical Data Analysis
External links[edit]
- Statistics software at Curlie
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You can use the statistical tools of econometrics along with economic theory to test hypotheses of economic theories, explain economic phenomena, and derive precise quantitative estimates of the relationship between economic variables. To accurately perform these tasks, you need econometric model-building skills, quality data, and appropriate estimation strategies. And both economic and statistical assumptions are important when using econometrics to estimate models.
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Econometric Estimation and the CLRM Assumptions
Econometric techniques are used to estimate economic models, which ultimately allow you to explain how various factors affect some outcome of interest or to forecast future events. The ordinary least squares (OLS) technique is the most popular method of performing regression analysis and estimating econometric models, because in standard situations (meaning the model satisfies a series of statistical assumptions) it produces optimal (the best possible) results.
The proof that OLS generates the best results is known as the Gauss-Markov theorem, but the proof requires several assumptions. These assumptions, known as the classical linear regression model (CLRM) assumptions, are the following:
- The model parameters are linear, meaning the regression coefficients don’t enter the function being estimated as exponents (although the variables can have exponents).
- The values for the independent variables are derived from a random sample of the population, and they contain variability.
- The explanatory variables don’t have perfect collinearity (that is, no independent variable can be expressed as a linear function of any other independent variables).
- The error term has zero conditional mean, meaning that the average error is zero at any specific value of the independent variable(s).
- Keepvid pro download windows 10. The model has no heteroskedasticity (meaning the variance of the error is the same regardless of the independent variable’s value).
- The model has no autocorrelation (the error term doesn’t exhibit a systematic relationship over time).
If one (or more) of the CLRM assumptions isn’t met (which econometricians call failing), then OLS may not be the best estimation technique. Fortunately, econometric tools allow you to modify the OLS technique or use a completely different estimation method if the CLRM assumptions don’t hold.
Useful Formulas in Econometrics
After you acquire data and choose the best econometric model for the question you want to answer, use formulas to produce the estimated output. In some cases, you have to perform these calculations by hand (sorry). However, even if your problem allows you to use econometric software such as STATA to generate results, it’s nice to know what the computer is doing.
Here’s a look at the most common estimators from an econometric model along with the formulas used to produce them.
Econometric Analysis: Looking at Flexibility in Models
You may want to allow your econometric model to have some flexibility, because economic relationships are rarely linear. Many situations are subject to the “law” of diminishing marginal benefits and/or increasing marginal costs, which implies that the impact of the independent variables won’t be constant (linear).
The precise functional form depends on your specific application, but the most common are as follows:
Typical Problems Estimating Econometric Models
If the classical linear regression model (CLRM) doesn’t work for your data because one of its assumptions doesn’t hold, then you have to address the problem before you can finalize your analysis. Fortunately, one of the primary contributions of econometrics is the development of techniques to address such problems or other complications with the data that make standard model estimation difficult or unreliable.
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The following table lists the names of the most common estimation issues, a brief definition of each one, their consequences, typical tools used to detect them, and commonly accepted methods for resolving each problem.
Econometric Simulation Software
Problem | Definition | Consequences | Detection | Solution |
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High multicollinearity | Two or more independent variables in a regression model exhibit a close linear relationship. | Large standard errors and insignificant t-statistics Coefficient estimates sensitive to minor changes in model specification Nonsensical coefficient signs and magnitudes | Pairwise correlation coefficients Variance inflation factor (VIF) | 1. Collect additional data. 2. Re-specify the model. 3. Drop redundant variables. |
Heteroskedasticity | The variance of the error term changes in response to a change in the value of the independent variables. | Inefficient coefficient estimates Biased standard errors Unreliable hypothesis tests | Park test Goldfeld-Quandt test Breusch-Pagan test White test | 1. Weighted least squares (WLS) 2. Robust standard errors |
Autocorrelation | An identifiable relationship (positive or negative) exists between the values of the error in one period and the values of the error in another period. | Inefficient coefficient estimates Biased standard errors Unreliable hypothesis tests | Geary or runs test Durbin-Watson test Breusch-Godfrey test | 1. Cochrane-Orcutt transformation 2. Prais-Winsten transformation 3. Newey-West robust standard errors |